Anisakis Parasite's Genome Studied to Track Climate Change Adaptation

Researchers from the Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), the Institute of Marine Research (IIM-CSIC), and the National Center for Genomic Analysis (CNAG) in Spain developed genetic markers to monitor how the Anisakis parasite adapts to changing conditions. The team identified specific points within the parasite’s genome, called SNPs, to differentiate populations and understand their dynamics.

This technology builds on a genomic map of Anisakis and initially focused on distinguishing between the Atlantic simplex and Mediterranean pegreffii species, which are increasingly hybridizing due to warming waters. The resulting application, costing around 3 to 4 euros, allows for precise identification of Anisakis specimens and more effective surveillance.

Understanding parasite populations is crucial because Anisakis can cause allergic reactions in humans, though proper cooking or freezing can prevent illness. Researchers are now investigating the fate of Anisakis larvae discarded as fish waste, questioning whether pre-treatment with ammonia is necessary to prevent their survival and re-entry into the food chain. They hope to reconstruct historical population sizes to better understand the parasite’s long-term adaptation.