Ancient Amber Discovery Pushes Back Plant Evolution Timeline

An international team of 12 researchers discovered the oldest known amber in China’s Hujiersite Formation, dating back approximately 385 million years. The amber fragments, mostly microscopic and no larger than 1.5 millimeters, extend the geological record of plant resin production by 65 million years.

The discovery provides insight into a complex process involving terpenoid molecules and specialized secretion systems in early land plants. Resin served as a protective measure against environmental threats like insects and wildfires.

Scientists analyzed the amber’s molecular composition, finding similarities to that of modern conifer amber. The research suggests resin production may have been a key survival mechanism for plants during the Devonian-Carboniferous period, helping them heal from damage caused by pathogens or fire. Further study may reveal more about the ecological roles of early plant defenses.