Vietnam Shifts Focus to Sustainable Development After 40 Years of Reform

After 40 years of Đổi mới (Renewal), Vietnam is prioritizing sustainable development and environmental protection over purely resource-driven economic growth. Trần Văn Miều of the Việt Nam Association for Conservation of Nature and Environment notes this shift as the country prepares to celebrate the anniversary of its reforms in December. Vietnam has incorporated net-zero emissions pledges and nature conservation into its national strategy, becoming one of the fastest-growing economies in the region.

The country’s economy now exceeds $514 billion with a GDP per capita surpassing $5,026. Alongside economic gains, Vietnam has dramatically reduced multidimensional poverty to 1.93 percent and established diplomatic ties with 194 countries. However, rapid industrialization presents environmental challenges.

Experts emphasize strengthening policy frameworks, promoting circular economic models, and utilizing digital technologies for environmental monitoring. The goal is to build a low-carbon economy, restore ecosystems, and ensure people remain central to Vietnam’s sustainable development path.