Scientists use CT scans to reveal health issues of philosopher Jeremy Bentham

A team of scientists, curators, and scholars from University College London (UCL) used CT scanning and 3D modeling to examine the preserved head of the Georgian philosopher Jeremy Bentham.

The researchers analyzed the remains of Bentham, who requested that his body be used for science after his death in 1832. The scanning process allowed the team to study the head without physically handling the fragile object.

These images revealed that Bentham suffered from chronic toothache and a jaw affected by arthritis during his life. The team confirmed these physical findings by comparing the scans to historical letters written by Bentham. The scans also provided details on how the head was preserved over two centuries ago. The images showed that the brain was removed during the preservation process, though some of the outer dura mater remained.

The technology also identified a hole in the skull where a metal rod once secured the head to a suit of clothes, known as an auto-icon. Additionally, the scans showed that the glass eyes added to the head were designed with anatomically correct optic nerves. UCL plans to make the data available so others can 3D print a model of the skull for research and teaching.

The project team noted that Bentham would likely have approved of the investigation because he believed in using experimentation to advance knowledge. The university uses these non-destructive imaging techniques to monitor and protect historical objects for the future.