Ancient Caribbean genomes link to Central and South America

Why this is here: The genomes push back the known genetic record of the Caribbean by more than 1,000 years, to roughly 4,400 years before present.

Researchers analyzed genomes from 19 individuals found on Hispaniola’s Samana Peninsula, focusing on four from the earliest Lithic Age—around 4,400 years ago. The team extended the known Caribbean genetic record by over a thousand years. They found these earliest Caribbean populations share ancestry with groups from Central America and northern South America.

The study reveals genetic continuity across Hispaniola and Cuba. Within Hispaniola, the researchers also observed some local genetic differences. Analysis suggests small community sizes and limited mating beyond local groups.

No present-day mainland population fully matches the ancestry of these early Caribbean people. Further research needs to identify more precise connections to mainland groups and detail the migration routes. The work to understand the earliest Caribbean inhabitants continues with new discoveries.