Ancient Discoveries Illuminate Early Christianity

Archaeologists across Turkey, Scotland, and Israel are revealing new details about the formative centuries of Christianity. In Iznik, Turkey, a third-century fresco depicts Jesus as the Good Shepherd, predating formalized theological doctrines. Researchers at the University of Glasgow used advanced imaging to recover hidden text from the 6th to 8th century Codex H, a copy of Paul’s letters, revealing earlier chapter divisions than those used today.

Meanwhile, excavations at the ancient city of Hippos in Israel uncovered a second baptismal font within a Byzantine-era cathedral, suggesting the practice of infant baptism and potentially a local tradition of triple anointing with oil. Archaeologists also found a sling stone inscribed with the Greek word for “learn your lesson,” indicating a defensive weapon used against attackers.

These discoveries demonstrate that early Christian rituals, art, and scriptures evolved over time, before solidifying into the traditions known today. Further research promises to refine understanding of this crucial period in religious history.