Researchers map high altitude zones to protect Kashmir springs

Researchers at the University of Kashmir identified critical highland zones that replenish the springs of the Sindh Basin in the Kashmir Himalaya.

Hydrogeologist Hilal Ahmad Sheikh and his team used geographic information system mapping and stable water isotope analysis to determine where water enters the ground before emerging at lower elevations.

The study found that an elevation range between 1,750 and 2,875 meters, which is approximately 5,741 to 9,432 feet above sea level, serves as a vital recharge zone for these springs. This data suggests that protecting the landscape in these specific high-altitude bands may be necessary to sustain water flow for local communities. Residents in villages like Cherwan report that their local springs have weakened significantly over the last 5 to 6 years.

While some locals attribute the decline to climate change, researchers link the issue to a combination of rising temperatures, earlier snowmelt, and land use changes. Because springs are primary water sources for households, livestock, and agriculture in mountain settlements, the drying of these sources threatens the livelihoods of those living in deep valleys where river access is difficult.

Suhail Ahmad Lone, a hydrogeologist at the University of Kashmir, notes that restoration efforts must look beyond the visible spring outlets to the upstream recharge areas. He suggests that human activities, such as excavation and road building, can alter underground pathways and reduce water flow. To address these issues, Lone recommends that authorities use vegetation restoration, check dams, and rainwater harvesting to slow runoff and encourage water to soak into the ground.

The Jammu and Kashmir Integrated Watershed Management Programme and the University of Kashmir recently signed an agreement to create project reports for these rejuvenation efforts.